基于局部特征的青年女性腿部形态分类

为提高女性裤装的合体性与舒适性,采用三维测量法、图像测量法及手工测量法相结合的方式,对236名18~25岁的青年女性腿部形态进行测量,获取20个相关特征变量;通过主成分因子分析得到影响腿部形态的主要特征因子,通过聚类分析得到青年女性腿部形态的分类结果;最后结合膝曲角的正负归纳出各类腿部形态的辨别规则并进行辨别验证。研究得出:影响腿部形态的主要特征因子有水平围度因子、长度因子、小腿围度差因子、腿部曲度因子、腿部轮廓因子和大腿围度差因子;人体腿部形态可分成圆体型、稍扁体型和扁体型3类;以大腿宽厚比、大腿根围膝围比、大小腿长比及膝曲角4个变量建立腿部形态分类规则。     

A system for time-fluctuating flow rate measurements in a single-blade pump circuit

Commonly used flow rate measurement systems provide an accurate and stable output value of the quasi-stationary flow rate. In some pump types as e.g. single-blade pumps significant flow rate fluctuations may occur even in steady operation points due to rotor-stator interaction. For the analysis of the time-resolved flow rate a new measurement and evaluation method is presented based on an electromagnetic flow meter. Internal averaging of the flow meter is deactivated and the raw signal is evaluated directly with a sampling rate of 3 kHz. With ensemble-averaging in combination with an impeller position detection, interfering signals acting on the time-resolved measurement signal are filtered out. Accompanying numerical simulations of the pump flow circuit are carried out with a 1D method of characteristics and validated against well-established time-resolved pressure measurements of the pump flow. Experiment and simulation show a resembling trend of pressure as well as flow rate fluctuations over the entire operation range of the pump. Thus, by the combined utilisation of measurement and simulation technique, we assure the validity of the ensemble-averaged flow rate fluctuation results. We find that the flow rate fluctuations show a consistent phase shift to the pressure fluctuations that increases towards overload. The flow rate amplitude is an order of magnitude smaller than the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations.     

Application of the sampling moiré method to shallow open-channel flows with circular roughness elements

This research presents an application of the sampling moiré method, a novel technique originally developed for measuring slight deformation of a static object such as a plate, to fluctuating free water surface in rough open channel flows. The method was used to capture the two-dimensional water surface deformation at a high sampling rate by dyeing the color of water white. The target flow was a very shallow subcritical flow with a depth of 1.5 times the height of the roughness. As a result, a series of instantaneous water surface profiles with non-uniform rough planes were successfully measured at a sampling rate of 100 Hz.It has become clear that the effect of dispersive gravity waves traveling on the water surface is greater than that of non-dispersive waves driven by the turbulence, and that this feature becomes more pronounced as the Froude number increases in such shallow flow conditions. Furthermore, it was experimentally and theoretically verified that the intensity of water surface fluctuation increases with the square of the Froude number. The decomposition of surface fluctuations due to gravity waves and subsurface turbulence using the wavenumber frequency spectrum revealed that the effects of subsurface turbulence are about 20%. This is much less than the contribution from gravity waves in very shallow flows as in this experiment.     

小庄煤矿地应力场分布规律实测与模拟研究

地应力场主要由自重应力场和构造应力场组成,是影响井下采掘工程活动最重要和最根本的因素,掌握矿井的地应力场分布规律,对整体提高矿井的经济效益和社会效益具有重要的意义。本文在小庄煤矿区域采用套空应力解除法进行地应力场测量,并采用三维应力场反演验证测量结果,从而得出了小庄煤矿的应力分布规律,为矿井动力现象的预测预防奠定了基础。     

Study of residual stress variation with depth of friction stir welded aluminium plates with different thicknesses

ABSTRACT

The residual stress may greatly vary through thickness due to the large temperature gradients and severe plastic deformation in depth for thick section friction stir welded plates. AA 2024-T351 plates with 6.5, 12 and 20?mm thicknesses were joined by friction stir welding to investigate the differences of residual stress variations with depth between thin and thick plates. The surface residual stresses were compared between the X-ray diffraction and contour measurements. Significant variations of stress peaks, root central residual stresses and widths of ‘M’ profiles were observed along the thickness for thick plates. The origins of the aggravated variations with depth were investigated from the temperature gradients and material flow variations through thickness.     

基于ASOS-ELM的湿式球磨机负荷软测量方法

针对湿式球磨机在磨矿过程中内部负荷靠专家经验难以准确预测的问题,提出一种基于改进的共生生物搜索(ameliorated symbiotic organisms search,简称ASOS)-极限学习机(extreme learning machine,简称ELM)的磨机负荷软测量方法。首先,利用ELM算法建立磨机负荷软测量模型,运用ASOS算法优化软测量模型的隐含层参数;其次,以筒体振动与振声信号的特征信息构建磨机负荷特征向量,并将其作为软测量模型的输入,将磨机负荷参数作为输出;最后,通过磨矿负荷检测实验和对比分析表明,磨机负荷软测量模型的负荷参数预测准确率较高,泛化能力较强,为磨机磨矿效率的提高及控制优化提供了有益的指导。     

小方坯高拉速结晶器铜管温度的测量

阐明了小方坯结晶器铜管温度测量试验的方法与过程,通过在铜管内弧、外弧和侧面不同位置埋设的32支热电偶,对浇铸150 mm×150 mm过程中铜管温度进行在线检测,记录了不同工况下铜管温度随浇注时间的变化关系,分析了各种工艺参数对结晶器铜管温度分布的影响。结果表明,生产过程中结晶器铜管温度场是不稳定的,各点温度都在做非周期性、无规律的起伏变动;拉速越快,铜管四面的温度不均匀倾向越大;梅花型铜管各处温度要高于普通铜管,证明其换热效率更高,更适合高拉速的生产。     

基于量子线路逻辑运算的单光子量子态测量方案

在量子探测领域,关键任务之一就是要对未知量子态进行测量以获取量子态信息。通过将量子计算中的量子门所组成的量子线路应用于量子探测领域,提出实现单光子未知量子态的测量方案。利用量子计算的叠加性、纠缠性、可纠错性以及量子线路的可集成性,可以使得探测更具高效性并简化探测的实验系统。利用本文提出的探测新方案,通过仿真计算对该方案进行了模拟。在该方案的理论计算与仿真模拟结果的基础上,得到了以下的结论:通过在不同信噪比等参数的条件下选择适当的测量次数,基于量子线路的方案可以得到较为精确的测量结果。     

利用量块和百分表提高钳工锉配工件测量的精度和效率

在钳工锉配中,测量贯穿整个加工过程,千分尺和游标卡尺等传统测量方式往往不能满足加工要求。创新使用量块、百分表和正弦规进行测量,既提高了测量的效率和准确性,又保证工件的加工精度,缩短了加工工时,高质量地完成工件的加工。     

基于CORS系统下GPS测量技术在地质测绘中的应用

GPS测量技术在测绘领域中的应用价值相当突出,有着不可替代的作用和地位。同时,基于CORS系统下GPS测量技术因为具备精准定位、高效率定位等特点,在行业当中被许多人士认可。对此,为了更好的提高GPS测量技术的应用价值,详细分析基于CORS系统下GPS测量技术,希望可以今后相关工作者提供理论性帮助。